Learn about M&A Investment Banking and more

Learn how enterprise value converts into equity value through net debt and debt-like items in M&A deals – the bridge from valuation to proceeds.

Learn how cost and revenue synergies drive higher valuations for strategic buyers, from shared service centers to network expansion examples.

Learn how changes in the cost of capital impact valuations across DCFs, LBOs, and market multiples — and why higher rates compress enterprise value.

Learn why LBO models consistently produce lower valuations than DCF or comps. Understand how IRR targets, leverage limits, and the lack of synergies cap what private equity funds can pay for a business.

Understand why trading comps, transaction multiples, DCF, and LBO models yield divergent valuations — and what those differences reveal about value.

Learn the four main valuation methods—DCF, comps, precedents, and LBO. Understand how each works, when to use them, and which typically yields the highest valuation.